Info by http://gandakicyber.blogspot.com/ from Nepal
US builds net for cyber war games
The US system will be used as a test bed for internet security projects The United States government is building its own "scale model" of the internet to carry out cyber war games.
Several organisations, including the defence company Lockheed Martin, are working on prototypes of the "virtual firing range".The system will allow researchers to simulate attacks by foreign powers and from hackers based inside the US.
More than $500m (£309m) has been allocated by the Department of Defense to develop "cyber technologies".
The National Cyber Range project is being overseen by the Defense Advance Research Projects Agency (Darpa), which was also involved in early network research that led to the internet.
When ready, it will function as a test-bed for defensive and possibly offensive technologies such as network protection systems.
Having a controllable mini-internet would allow researchers to carry-out experiments "in days rather than the weeks it currently takes," Darpa spokesman Eric Mazzacone told the Reuters news agency.
Unlike the real internet, the in-house version could be wiped or reset between tests, explained Mr Mazzacone.
Development of the National Cyber Range is currently in the hands of several organisations, including Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore and Lockheed Martin.
One of their prototypes will be selected to go into operation later in the year.
Act of war The United States has been gradually increasing funding for internet security-related projects.
US defence secretary Robert Gates said that the country was under almost constant cyber attacks President Obama, in May 2009, declared the cyber threat to be one of the "most serious" challenges facing the country.
Since then, his government claims to have been the subject of several attempted attacks, originating from overseas.
Lockheed Martin, one of the contractors involved in the National Cyber Range project was itself the subject of a security breach in May 2011.
Earlier this month, the Pentagon said it planned to publish proposals to categorise cyber attacks as acts of war.
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Cyber Warfare - A technological warfare concept endemic to the information age
Thursday, February 21, 2008
Science of war has entered the cyber age. Imagine what will happen if all
computers based utilities, people have come too rely so much on, stop responding
or computer stop recognizing domain names or vital information regarding
national security is compromised through computers and communication networks.
This is not just a hypothetical war game scenario rather a strong possibility to
which empirical observations of the recent past point out. Any soundless,
invisible but determined cyber action could paralyse an entire nation without
mobilizing a single soldier.
In is in this context that information warfare should be discussed and the role
of computer chips in war related fields viewed.
Cyber warfare is different than the conventional war in many ways: Attrition and
manoeuvres that used to be the main objectives in conventional wars are being
replaced in computer age by emphasize on control. Physical forces' attempt to
exhaust, annihilate the enemy and capture and hold grounds in conventional wars
is being exchanged with actions intended to paralyse the opponents. Defensive
measures are not easy to implement in the cyber world and the attack favours the
aggressor. By nature the settings of cyber warfare are international as compared
to fighting in confines of limited war zones, sectors and on borders.
Information systems have always been vital for any professional military might.
Since the advent of computers and the Internet, there have been amazing changes
in the ways of handling and using information: collecting, storing, processing,
and distributing information. Like corporate world and even individual members
of society, military commands are also taking advantage of the medium at all
levels and computers and networks dependence is growing.
War weaponry that might have started with one to one use of force and hurdling
of stones on adversaries have changed into attacks by precession guided and
capable of mass destructions warheads launched across log distances through
independently target able re-entry vehicles, camera fitted smart bombs or even
nuclear warheads. Soldiers in today's conventional armies are already making use
of computer chips: Global Positioning Systems, Range Finders, eteorological
Measuring and sophisticated Fire Control Systems. What is more, "microwave
cannons, plasma guns, sensing devices and even mechanical bugs that can swarm
and explode around the enemy, body heat powered combat dresses and digital
helmets are turning up" reads Defence Journal's report, which is making it
difficult to draw a line between conventional and cyber wars. But this is not
about how computer chips are serving soldiers in battlefields. It is about how
computers and the Internet have become a new weapon in the military's
arsenal that need not mobilize the physical forces; virtual battlefield,
virtual warfare but no less seismic in any sense as for as their potentials to
inflict casualties and loses are concerned.
Loren Thompson, a defence analyst writes, (Now) "warfare is less and less about
pushing men and machines around the battlefields and more and more about pushing
electrons and photons." Students of military history know how war doctrine,
threat perceptions and defence strategies changed when mechanization started
after the First World War and armoured fighting vehicles were introduced in the
military inventories in the Second Word War. And again when the United States
unleashed an atomic bomb on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. One time use of nukes
produced the theory of nuclear deterrence that has been working fine ever since.
Proponents of theory argue that the primary reason that kept the USA and the
former USSR from testing their nukes on each other during the long period of
cold war was nuclear deterrence; consequences were clear to every one. Now the
computers are poised to bring basic changes in the war doctrine once again.
Cyber warfare is not entirely untested. The power of computer was proved in the
Gulf War. Intelligence about enemy forces gathered by spy satellites and
unmanned reconnaissance planes were transmitted through digital communication
systems, followed by effective attacks with precision guided missiles. Later,
cyber war methodologies had become much more sophisticated by the time the US
and her allies waged an air war against Yugoslavia. By then the computer gurus
in the Pentagon were able to gain access to Belgrade's advanced computer based
Air Defence System, upload misleading messages and download sensitive data. And
during the bombing of Serbia by NATO forces in April 1999, virus carrying emails
and denials of service as well as piracy computer attacks were launched against
hundreds of civil installations and military facilities in a number of NATO
countries. Yet other reports are that "South Korean military intelligence agency
is speculating cyber attacks from North Korea. South
Korea is among the world's one of the leading Internet countries and there are
many computer networks that can be targeted. According to foreign experts,
although North Korea could be operating a group of hackers and online terrorism
from the North could pose a serious threat, but Seoul's assessment of the
'reclusive' nation's cyber warfare potential may be an exaggeration." Many other
serious cyber skirmishes are on record. These cyber scuffles offer bleak
examples of what could happen in the event of information warfare.
Like snipers and scouts of Infantry or observers of Artillery, computer hackers
can act as cyber vanguards. They are surely working around the clock and around
the world to find and take advantage of vulnerabilities in networks and
penetrate to steal information and do more damage or just keeping an offensive
vigilance.
Such events have brought in the new philosophy that the nation's security is
depends upon her ability to withstand cyber warfare. More connected countries,
lucrative cyber targets, are investing huge amounts in an effort to place
invincible firewalls - at least that is what they would like to think -- around
their sensitive national assets. During his first term, President Bush had
signed National Security Presidential Directive number 16 that called for a
national policy on the rules of engagement for using cyber warfare as a weapon
and now America has an operational plan for information warfare in place.
Billions of dollars spent, The US National Strategy sets out five key priorities
for the public and private sectors to secure cyber space: "Set up a security
response system; Identify threats and vulnerabilities; Increase awareness and
training; Secure the government's cyber space; Increase national and
international security co-operation." The Department of Homeland Security tha
t was "envisioned as a means to bring together all of homeland security agencies
under one central umbrella to better plan and execute our security efforts" is
also functional now.
Reports are that China and India are also in process of preparing their own
cyber warfare strategies. India has set up Internet Security Centre at the cost
of 20 million dollars to prevent cyber attacks on her sensitive military and
civil installations. India has also signed an agreement with France to
collaborate in several areas including cyber security. After "ninety-five
percent of network management centres connected with Internet in China have been
attacked or invaded by domestic or foreign hackers, with banks, securities and
other financial institutions being major targets," the Chinese are also actively
working to consolidate their cyber defence.
What forms cyber warfare can take is a surprise future holds for those
interested in military history? At the moment one can only imagine threats and
calculate risks. Communications networks can be the easiest targets. One country
clogging up computers of the adversary that handle war logistics, shutting down
the civil utilities that are computer based, crushing computers at military
headquarters, jamming radar sites and or interfering with hostile air traffic or
simply downing commercial websites are some other cyber actions. All or some of
these actions can effectively neutralize the enemy.
In less connected countries like Pakistan where the infrastructure is not very
resilient, many of the casualties of any possible cyber war may be in the
private sector. But the impacts of any cyber 'figment' or the Internet and the
World Wide Web's blockade on the civil life, national economy or military
machine may not be difficult to understand.
What should be done? Indigenous research, extensive debate to prepare every one
involved - every one will literally be involved – and preparing to live up to
any eventuality are some starting points. Threat to national security should be
perceived afresh. Possible lines of defence and early warning systems should be
planned. Military strategists and planners need to think about how a cyber
attack could affect war efforts or peacetime economy. Nation have to dedicate,
at policy level, at the private sector level, and academia will have to invest
increasing resources to deal with the complexity of how to address issues of
threat to national interests and cyber security.
The preparation in line with the time is also essential for protecting national
sovereignty and integrity.
===============
Zapatista Social Net War
Indigenous Women North America Who Use NetWar
Why We Want To Learn About Challenges Related to NetWar
Privitization of Resources
Nde' hi'ke' Nnee' Shimaa Shinii--Apache Matrilineal Lands
Enlace Zapatistas [Denuncios de Mujeres Indigenas]
Zapatistas in Cyberspace~~Critical Guides
North American Union & CANAMEX TRADE CORRIDOR (In Jumano Apache & Tarahumara
Territories)
Cyber Net War
No World System
CyberNet War
Cyber Net War~~Successful Users & Interesting Web-Sites to Analyze...
Zapatista Social Net War
Indigenous Women North America Who Use NetWar
Indigenous Women North America Who Use NetWar
Indigenous Women North America Who Use NetWar
Indigenous Women North American Who Use NetWar
Indigenous Women North America Who Use NetWar
Indigenous Women North American Who Use NetWar
Indigenous Women North America Who Use NetWar
Why We Want To Learn About Challenges Related to NetWar
Privitization of Resources
Nde' hi'ke' Nnee' Shimaa Shinii--Apache Matrilineal Lands
Enlace Zapatistas [Denuncios de Mujeres Indigenas]
Zapatistas in Cyberspace~~Critical Guides
North American Union & CANAMEX TRADE CORRIDOR (In Jumano Apache & Tarahumara Territories)
Cyber Net War
No World System
The United States government is building its own "scale model" of the internet to carry out cyber war games....Several organisations, including the defence company Lockheed Martin, are working on prototypes of the "virtual firing range".
The system will allow researchers to simulate attacks by foreign powers and from hackers based inside the US.....More than $500m (£309m) has been allocated by the Department of Defense to develop "cyber technologies".
The National Cyber Range project is being overseen by the Defense Advance Research Projects Agency (Darpa), which was also involved in early network research that led to the internet....When ready, it will function as a test-bed for defensive and possibly offensive technologies such as network protection systems.
Having a controllable mini-internet would allow researchers to carry-out experiments "in days rather than the weeks it currently takes," Darpa spokesman Eric Mazzacone told the Reuters news agency......Unlike the real internet, the in-house version could be wiped or reset between tests, explained Mr Mazzacone.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-13807815
The system will allow researchers to simulate attacks by foreign powers and from hackers based inside the US.....More than $500m (£309m) has been allocated by the Department of Defense to develop "cyber technologies".
The National Cyber Range project is being overseen by the Defense Advance Research Projects Agency (Darpa), which was also involved in early network research that led to the internet....When ready, it will function as a test-bed for defensive and possibly offensive technologies such as network protection systems.
Having a controllable mini-internet would allow researchers to carry-out experiments "in days rather than the weeks it currently takes," Darpa spokesman Eric Mazzacone told the Reuters news agency......Unlike the real internet, the in-house version could be wiped or reset between tests, explained Mr Mazzacone.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-13807815
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